Many different types of irrigation system exist. Some are straightforward while others require a significant amount of maintenance and equipment.
This type of system uses techniques such as canals, pumping stations, gates and ditches that raise the level of water and distribute the water evenly across fields. It is the most expensive type of irrigation system.
Surface Irrigation
Surface irrigation is a popular method of water supply. It is simple to use, requires little capital investment and requires no knowledge and can be used on land that is sloped. It is also the most energy-efficient method for irrigating fields that slope because it utilizes gravity to get the water over the field, thus saving on energy costs. However, the system can be difficult to control and may lead to the fields being covered in excessive water for long periods of time.
Three types of surface irrigation can be distinguished: basin irrigation, furrow and border irrigation. Basin irrigation is the most popular kind of irrigation using surface water. It is comprised of diked areas that allow surface water to flow undirected. They can be constructed in all shapes and sizes to accommodate various cropping patterns and soil conditions. They can also be altered using corrugated surfaces, or sand-filled trenches to improve soil quality and distribute water.
Another benefit for these systems is their easy maintenance. The lateral pipes within the furrow or basin system can be easily inspected and cleaned, and they can also be flushed to keep them from being plugged by salts or sediment. This is a major advantage over drip irrigation, where the lateral pipes are located underground and therefore are more difficult to examine and maintain.
Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation is a low-pressure method that drips water directly to the plants. It’s a highly efficient method to water because the water is directed directly to the plant’s root. It is also a great solution for sandy soils since it spreads the water over a greater area compared to surface irrigation techniques. Drip irrigation can be utilized in landscaping for residential properties and commercial vegetable row crop production.
The system is comprised of a pump unit that collects water from the source and delivers the right pressure for delivery into a pipe system that transports it into the field (see the figure below). A settling pond may be necessary in certain situations. The pump must be properly sized to avoid over-pumping and/or causing damage to the soil and plants around it. Filters are used to eliminate weed seeds, fertilizer residues and chemicals dispersed in water that might precipitate. (For example, calcium and iron). Chemical injection units, which injects a controlled amount of insecticide, herbicide and fungicide into irrigation water at each irrigation cycle is also part of the.
PVC pipes are utilized to transport water from reservoirs into the fields. Pipes may differ in diameter and thickness. Certain PVC pipes can bend easily and are flexible while others feature a smooth bore as well as an unresistible bore. The emitters (nozzles) are positioned across the length of pipe, and are arranged depending on the needs of the crop and soil conditions. Some emitters are pressure compensated that allow they to run in a consistent manner over an extensive range of pressures and heights.
Sprinkler irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation resembles natural rain by spraying water droplets uniformly across the surface of the soil. This kind of irrigation works well for a wide range of crops including fruit and vegetables. This kind of irrigation provides a lush, green environment that is almost completely hands-free.
Like other irrigation methods, sprinkler systems have advantages and disadvantages depending on the terrain of the area. Certain systems are suitable for certain terrains, while others can be very expensive.
One of the most widely used irrigation systems is a center pivot system. It is comprised of several towers that rotate and move in a circle to irrigate the cropland. The movement and rotation of the towers are controlled by the central control unit. Operators can use a cell telephone or satellite radio to talk with the machine remotely and monitor the machine’s operation.
They’re like center pivots however, they’re specifically designed to water rectangular fields. These systems are more labor heavy during the summer, but have lower long-term system costs.
Solid-set systems are designed for landscaping, turf and permanent crops. They are low-cost and uniform. They promote healthy growth and high yield. They can be used in conjunction with fertilizers to simultaneously apply nutrients and water (a method known as fertigation) to increase the uptake of nutrients.
Methods of irrigation
Irrigation is the process of pouring water on soil in order to maintain a constant level of moisture. It can be done in many ways, including by spraying, tube and pumps. In areas in which there isn’t enough rain to sustain plant life, irrigation may be required.
In the pursuit of food and agriculture, early civilizations built dams, canals, and elaborate irrigation systems. Nowadays, we rely on technology to give similar benefits, but with lower energy.
Surface irrigation can be classified into three subcategories: furrow, border, and basin. The latter involves an area that is surrounded by levees to prevent water from flowing out of the field. This is the best method for other crops that can tolerate flooding.
Surge flooding is a variant of the traditional flood irrigation. This method uses gated pipe with solar or batteries powered controllers. The valves alternate between allowing water to flow into the field and stopping it, producing irrigation pulses that minimize runoff.
This system is suitable for many different crops. It is also effective on sloped terrain. The only thing to note bec tuoi phun mua is that the rate of inflow should be sufficiently large to advance the water front, but not too large to cause erosion of the fertile soil of the field. In addition, it must not cause waterlogging where the ground becomes saturated.
